动词时态的用法
Present Perfect（现在完成时态）
一、现在完成了的行为：
1. 我刚把这事情做完。
I have just finished the task.
2. 我才从车站去欢迎了我的表兄回来。
I have been to the station to meet my cousin.
3. 我才从车站去给我的叔叔送行回来。
I have been to the station to see my uncle off.
二、连续到现在为止的行为或状态：
4. 我在此地住上十年了。
I have lived here for ten years.
5. 我自从1942年以来就住在此地。
I have lived here since 1942.
6. 他从月初以来就一贯卧病。
He has been ill in bed since the beginning of this month.
7. 她缺席多久了？她从星期一开始就没有来。
How long has she been absent？She has been absent since last Monday.
8. 你认识他多久了？我们从小孩子时期起就认识的。
How long have you known him？I have known him since we were children.
9. 你的英文学了多久了？
How long have you been studying English？
〔注〕have been doing是包含现在、过去、将来三个时候在内的，在上例中即是说过去学了，现在在学，将来还要连续地学。参看下二例。
10. 我从进初中起就一贯在学。
I have been studying it since I entered the junior middle school.
11. 七年来我一贯在学。
I have been studying it for the last seven years.
三、现在为止的履历：
12. 你曾经看到过狮子吗？
Have you ever seen a lion？
13. 你到过阿里山吗？
Have you ever climbed Mt. Ali？
14. 是的，我到过。
Yes, I have.
15. 你到过几次呢？
How often have you climbed it？
16. 我到过两次。
I have climbed it twice.
17. 你到过日本吗？
Have you ever been to Japan？
18. 是的，我到过好几次。
Yes, I have been there several times.
〔注〕如果是回答说“我在日本住过三年”，你就不能说I have been to Japan for three years. 该当说I stayed（或was）there for three years. 由于表示纯挚的过去不能用完成时态。
19. 你父亲出过洋吗？
Has your father ever been abroad？
20. 是的，他去过一次。
Yes, he has been abroad once.
四、现在空余结果的过去的行为：
21. 我想见见你的父亲。他在家吗？——对不起，他出去了。
I want to see your father. Is he at home？——Sorry, but he has gone out.
22. 你的表几点钟了？——我的表丢了。
What time is it by your watch？——I have lost it.
23. 他出外闲步去了。——他什么时候出去的？
He has gone out for a walk.——When did he go out？
24. 有一位王师长西席来看你了。
A Mr. Wang has come to see you.
五、代替将来完成用：
25. 你用过了，把你的小刀借给我一下好吗？
Will you lend me the knife, when you have done with it？
